Hepatitis C

 

The viral hepatitis (c) of the causes of chronic hepatitis task, and it has no symptoms in the early stages of the infection that usually pass without knowing the patient occurrence (ie it does not cause significant inflammation of the liver)

Did not detect the virus (c) by the year 1992, so they moved the virus through blood donations from people living with Haz virus, because the tests that were operating before donating blood to ensure the safety of transfused blood did not include this virus, which had not been discovered yet, and thus Viral hepatitis accounts for about 90% of cases of hepatitis caused due to contamination of transfused blood

Transmitted infection from an infected person to the proper Using infectious HIV-contaminated blood, and have it in the following ways:

- Taking blood Moved before 1992, before the discovery of viral hepatitis (c)

- Participation in the needles used to inject narcotic drugs

- Involuntary twitching or wound with a needle or scalpel contaminated with the virus while working in the laboratory or in the operating room or for workers in the dialysis

- Tattoo or cupping non-sterile needles, or shaving بموس contaminated by the blood of a person infected with the virus

- Sexual intercourse, this method is not very important, because the virus is there in abundance in body fluids, and therefore his move does not get with certainty

- Homosexuality or adultery

Not transmitted hepatitis virus infection handshake or hug a person with the disease or contagious carrier of the virus or sitting next to him

Symptoms:

Do not complain infected with hepatitis type "c" is usually no symptoms at the time of infection, symptoms appear later, ie, when the shift to chronic infection

It symptoms that the injured, including: -

- Feeling tired and fatigue

- Nausea and vomiting

- Poor appetite

- Abdominal pain

- Diarrhea

- A rise in temperature

- Is to get rid of waste and harmful substances from the most important work of the liver, and when affected by the job due to chronic inflammation of the injured suffered from jaundice, a buildup of bile in the blood, and becomes the color yellow dark urine, and feces The light color, as well as up liver enzymes

Turn viral hepatitis C to chronic injury in about 75% of cases of HIV infection, and infected about 20% Mnmanm the cirrhosis of the liver in the advanced stages, and that a certain percentage of patients develop liver cancer as a result of chronic hepatitis

Diagnosis:

Injury can be diagnosed with viral hepatitis (c) the work of the laboratory analysis of CE, which detects the presence of antibodies to the virus

The analysis of liver function shows how blood cells affected by hepatitis B hepatitis C viral

Resort doctor in advanced cases of liver biopsy to find out the status of liver cells and influenced by the presence of viral hepatitis - c

Treatment:

The goal of treatment is to get rid of the virus and stop the progression of the disease

Is converted people with hepatitis B and they have antibodies to the virus in the blood as well as elevated liver enzymes, to take a sample of the liver and examined under an electron microscope, to see the degree of inflammation or fibrosis.

For those who did not become infected an increase of liver enzymes, there is no benefit to convert them to a specialist liver because the treatment is not given only to those who increased liver enzymes have because of the affected liver cells.

If it was found that the liver cells are still not affected by natural inflammation, re-examination of the cell after two years to monitor the progress of the disease.

But when tests show the presence of fibrosis in the liver cells, it must be the start of treatment, and be by interferon, a drug that is given three times a week for six months.

Estimated number of patients who benefit from treatment about 40% of patients treated.

The patient is advised to rest and good nutrition while avoiding fat in food, and stay away from drinking alcohol, which exacerbates the problem

Prevention:

- Avoid the use of toothbrushes and razors of others

- Avoid drugs, especially those used by injection

- Avoid the use of injections and sugar analysis tools that have already been someone else use them

- The use of a condom during intercourse if the other party is infected with viral hepatitis (c)

- Stay away from adultery and sodomy religiously chaperones

- Caution when dealing with contaminated blood for health workers

- Wearing gloves while handling blood in domestic accidents (injuries) when a family member is infected with Hepatitis C

- Did not discover a special B vaccine hepatitis C so far

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Abdominal pain and diarrhea accompanied by blood

May occur disease intestinal within two weeks of infection, or may be delayed for several months and be initially usually a gradual occurrence of pain abdominal Magsh with increased frequency of bowel movements, and is accompanied by diarrhea in many frequency and the stool pigmented with blood and contains a small amount of mucus with a few Leukocyte The signs and symptoms They are systemic structural characteristically non-existent and proved fever when only a third of the disease colitis Baltullac the affects all age groups, but the incidence is significantly high in children aged 1-5 years. And tends colitis Baltullac the severe in infants and young children because promoted rapidly with the increase in the incidence of intestinal outside and high mortality rates, especially in the tropics.Amoebic dysentery sometimes associated with sudden onset of fever and severe diarrhea may lead to dehydration and imbalance of salts.This may occur in some patients, complications such as: amebic form a tumor, the magnitude of the colon toxicity, the spread of the disease outside the bowel and topical perforation. Can shoot and magnetic resonance tomography and radioisotope imaging to determine the size of the abscess cavity and accurately portrayed.Most patients have a single cavity in the right hepatic lobe on the results of recent studies using CT have shown increased incidence of multiple cysts and left hepatic lobe injury. May rupture liver amoebic within the abdomen or chest or through the skin and so when delayed diagnosis and treatment.



Diagnosis:

Diagnosis depends on the investigation of the organism in the stool samples and swabs taken endoscopically and samples taken from tissue biopsies or rarely from an abscess in the liver. The examination of three stool samples by the crew Mjeri expert to investigate الأميبيا of the sensitivity of up to 90%, and must be examined stool samples within 30 minutes of defecation and must investigate when trophozoites animated containing erythrocytes. In case of doubt disease sample must be kept in additional polyvinyl alcohol in order to conduct other tests. And must perform gastrointestinal endoscopy with biopsies of suspicious areas if the results were negative for fecal samples and there was no doubt the existence of strong diabetes الأميبيا. Unfortunately can not assets optical microscope to distinguish between variables histolytica and variables unless ingested erythrocytes. The test results are occult blood in the stool in patients with positive amoebic colitis invader.

The blood tests are currently available different antibodies directed against , where serological results are positive in 95% of patients with accidental for more than 7 days as well as in most of a variables nurse the campaign. We recall here that the mutants do not occur humoral response. And gives the most sensitive test, the convergence bloody indirect, positive results continue for several years after infection. And also be able to explore in the stool or antigens in the blood that gives a diagnosis while also distinguishing between mutants and mutants of the weave, but the non-antigen screening tests are routinely available yet.

Noact or bags of mutants histolytica in the stool, whether they are casual or not. Alaeodukenol considered the first line of therapy in the treatment of the bags campaign. The alternative medicine aminoglycoside He is Albaromomitin He is non-absorbable, and for have to Oxanad the Voroat is available only through the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, however toxicity is rare, but it should not be used in children aged less than two years.

disease requires gas of the intestines, liver or other organs use of metronidazole, a drug fought for Omibia in the tissue. And is available currently Mstqan of Alentroaimidasul two tinidazole and Alawrindasul, and side effects include for Metronidazole nausea, abdominal discomfort, metallic taste in the mouth, which is not uncommon effects go away after the end of treatment.

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Ulcerative Colitis

Ulcerative colitis is a chronic disease that affects the inner layer to Jaddaralcolon, and spreads widely in Western societies by about 150 per 100,000 people, especially young people between 15 - 30 years old, male and female. The increasing prevalence in many regions, including Saudi Arabia for reasons unknown, but may be associated with increased stress, and changes in lifestyle and dietary habits and approached the western style in addition to the development of diagnostics and detection of cases were undergoing previously undiagnosed. 

Ulcerative colitis affects the rectum and the left side of the colon and may extend to involve the entire colon and the last part of the small intestine high with inflammation and ulceration protrusions Bbtantha.

Scientists did not find - until now - the cause of this disease, and there outweigh Doralawaml theories and genetic disorders of the immune system and change the composition and functions of the colon mucus, and possibly other factors related to food. This Studies have shown that about 5-15% of the first-degree relatives - especially twins - for patients with ulcerative colitis are infected with the same disease.

May show symptoms of ulcerative colitis and sometimes disappear again and severity vary from patient to patient, doctors have class this disease for four categories:

1 - chronic inflammation activates other sometimes and lives in 70% of cases.

2 - chronic inflammation is compounded continuously without periods of improvement in 10% of cases.

3 - a very acute inflammation with dilation of the colon in 10% of cases.

4 - the rest of the patients have a heart inflammation and one leads to what looks like with immune disease will not return.

Symptoms include chronic diarrhea and frequent accompanied by blood and pus, with feeling Balahtiaj to stand out even after you do (Zake) with the lower abdominal pain especially the left side and underweight. Perhaps some patients suffering from the pain of the joints, eye infections, inflammatory bile channels, or skin rash.

One of the main complications of the disease, anemia, bleeding, growth retardation, bowel obstruction, colon cancer, and acute inflammation of the colon and of expansion. Regular check-ups and treatment adherence and regular follow-up in a specialized center is the key to avoid these complications. The disease is diagnosed by examining medical history and clinical examination, laboratory tests and optical colonoscopy taking tissue samples for microscopic examination, in addition to various Balohaat tests. The ulcerative colitis is similar in symptoms with other diseases such as "Crohn's disease", irritable bowel syndrome and tuberculosis the colon and Oramh. Previous tests and help to differentiate between them and accurately confirm the diagnosis and to identify the degree of activity and the extension of the disease. Can control the disease, ulcerative colitis for long periods if committed to patient treatment and follow-up.But there is no radical cure, nor a specified period of treatment.According to available drugs to reduce inflammation, correct nutritional deficiencies, and prevent relapses, and reduce complications and the need for surgery. Include anti-diarrhea, amino Alsaleslat and corticosteroids and drugs inhibiting the immune system and vital medicines. All of these drugs should be used under the supervision of a physician specialist.

Most cases respond to medical treatment and do not require surgery, and in some cases become need surgery to remove part of the intestine in the case of injury complications can not be treated with drugs. Is not considered ulcerative colitis contagious disease is not transmitted to any kind of communion, and when you want to have children should consult a doctor because some medications may temporarily affect the degree of fertility or the fetus. Individuals with inflammatory colitis more susceptible to colon tumors than others, especially when infected the entire colon and disease activity continues for many years. Studies have shown that colon cancer affects 3% after 15 years, and 5% after 20 years, and 9% after 25 years of the onset of illness. It can reduce the risk of colon cancer through adherence and continuous monitoring, and periodic inspection optical laparoscopically helps diagnosed early.

Required programs to increase awareness of this disease, and the expansion of the scientific research, and database for the compulsory registration of cases to assist the relevant authorities in develop appropriate for dealing with this disease.

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Ulcers and "Twelver" .... Bacteria eat the stomach wall

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Sore medical term for an open wound. It is on several types of pressure ulcers (Naqubh or sore) that affects the lower back or buttocks as a result of expansion for a long time the same situation. There is also a venous ulcer recession affecting the leg or foot as a result of slowing the flow of blood. The most common types of ulcers, which is the kind that people generally Ikrnh term "ulcer" is represented peptic ulcer, and consists peptic ulcers in the inner lining of the stomach or small intestine. According to statistics, 5 percent to 10 percent of people infected ulcer at some point in their lives. 

There are two types of digestive tract Valegrahh the sores that occur in the stomach is called gastric ulcer, but if formed in the small intestine ulcers and thou shalt take the name of the intestinal tract in which it was formed. The most prominent of the small intestine ulcers are ulcers Twelver which consists in Twelver, the first parts of the small intestine.

In the absence of treatment, would sores tract can cause bleeding internally may be a gap in the lining of the stomach or small intestine, exposing the patient to serious infection in the abdominal cavity (peritonitis) also caused sores sometimes tissue able to prevent the passage of food through the digestive tract causing weight loss.

Sores are caused gastrointestinal symptoms several notably pain necrotizing in the upper abdomen between the navel and the breastbone may endure this pain caused by the passage of stomach acid on the sore for a few minutes, or continue for hours, and often worse pain when the stomach is empty, thus worsens at night, including the food modifies DNA, eating regularly often removes the pain temporarily, due to the propagation of some people from eating, and weight increases as a result.

The signs include case and other to vomit blood that comes out opening red or black, and exit of blood mixed with fecal matter that seems dark and tar-like sores would also cause pain in the center of the back and a decrease in weight.

In 1983, new progress has been made in the understanding and treatment of peptic ulcers, as researchers Australians found alive similar Ballolb in bacterial samples Mokhtzaah of people suffering from ulcers and continuous inflammation in the stomach.

These bacteria live Unnamed Hliopakatr the Bailoraa and multiply within the mucous layer that covers and protects the tissue lining of the stomach and small intestine. In most cases, do not cause these neighborhoods little problems, but in some cases eat tissue tract, causing ulcers and statistics indicate that about one person out of every six people with the bacteria develop later ulcers, and is one of the reasons in the fact that these people have damaged the lining of the stomach or small intestine, making it easier for bacteria sweep damaged tissue (are responsible for 50 percent or more of peptic ulcers)

And rising prospect harboring the body of the bacteria with age, with an estimated incidence by one percent with each year of age, which means that 20 percent snapping infection in the twenties of age and 60 percent are infected in the sixties, according to statistics Bank and despite the lack of clarity of how to spread, But it seems that the transition from one person to another is the direct friction. It also believes that both the nutritional and health practices constitute conditions for the transmission of bacteria. Since scientists have found bacteria H. pylori in water, it رجحوا that are going also through contaminated drinking water and risk factors include:

@ Birth in a developing country.

@ Low level of social and economic life.

@ Live within a large family or in crowded conditions.

@ Having a child at home.

@ Vomiting exposure to an infected person.

It seems that the rate of new infections with the bacterium Hliopakatr Bailoraa H. pylori reduced due to the improved social and economic conditions and health and the widespread use of antibiotics in children. some cases, such as ear infections and other common childhood diseases with antibiotics has resulted in a dual role by preventing infection with the bacterium Hliopakatr Bailoraa or treated early in childhood.

Other causes of peptic ulcers:

Regular use of pain relievers:

Of significant anti-inflammatory drugs and free Alstarobed lead to inflammation of the lining of the stomach and small intestine, and This medicines prescribed and is described. And to avoid any digestive discomfort, it is advisable to take anti-inflammatory drugs and of Alstarobed free after meals.

Statistics indicate that about 20 percent of those taking anti-inflammatory drugs and free of regularly Alstarobed have later sores.That these drugs stimulate the secretion of the enzyme (cyclooxygenase), which produces fatty acid is Albroostaglnden. This helps hormone-like substances to protect the stomach lining from the chemical and physical wounds, and without this protection erode the lining of the stomach due to acid, leading to bleeding and the appearance of sores.

Smoking:

Increases the nicotine in tobacco the size of the stomach acid concentration ratio, which doubles the risk of sores, smoking has been slow healing ulcers during treatment.

Alcohol:

Alcohol has been lining of the stomach and intestinal irritation and corrosion which leads to inflammation Please enjoy.

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Hepatitis C

A hepatitis. Is a form of severe pneumonia infection, transmitted through food or water contaminated with feces person infected with hepatitis A. It is estimated that one out of every 3 Americans have been infected with the disease at some time in their lives. Has been attributed the spread of the disease at one point in the United States to the strawberries that go to the disease through contaminated irrigation water or through an infected worker did not wash their hands well before gatherers.

The international travelers more susceptible to this form of hepatitis.It disappears by itself usually without treatment. However, for some people, especially the elderly, hepatitis A causes severe symptoms require medical treatment and possibly hospitalization and in rare cases be fatal infection.

Hepatitis b. Is a highly contagious virus is also present in the blood and water man, saliva and live for seven or more days outside the body. They are often the virus sexually or syringes, contaminated needles, especially those used to puncture the body or the tattoo, or preparations of blood, and the people most likely to capture understanding of drug users who have sex without protection, prisoners and hospital workers exposed to blood or Cosmetics blood.According to statistics, more than 1.2 million Americans suffer from hepatitis b. And are diagnosed annually 250 thousand new cases, while the number of infections in the world amounts to 350 million cases, the majority of them men.

Hepatitis c. Is one of the leading causes of viral hepatitis is transmitted via blood products and blood contaminated needles, About 60 percent of newly infected from injecting drugs illegal cross-veins or nose, who share personal items itself, as rising risk of contracting hepatitis C in people who have undergone blood transfusions Prior to 1992, however, that in this year began blood banks adopting tests detect the virus, including the progression of the disease may take decades, it is still not possible to determine the number of people who will be sick of 300 thousand people have undergone blood transfusions before 1992 . Contrary to the prevailing popular belief, the hepatitis C does not move breastfeeding, cuddling or sneeze or cough or consumption of food or water contaminated with the virus, accidental friction or share eating utensils and drinking.

It is estimated that the U.S. alone has more than 2.7 million cases.Nearly one out of every 5 people who are subject to testing in emergency rooms is infected with the virus, and that one out of every 3 prisoners share the same room also suffer. On the other hand, 30 percent of those infected with hepatitis C with liver scarring (cirrhosis or cirrhosis of the liver), and this inflammation is the leading cause of liver transplants. According to statistics, more than 10 thousand

People die each year as a result of liver failure caused by hepatitis c.And expects the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to double the number of deaths three times in the past ten to twenty years.

Hepatitis d. Can not be born of HIV infection in the blood only after a previous injury hepatitis b. The hepatitis D virus and multiplies Ptalgah the live on the hepatitis B virus. The disease is rare, except among injecting illicit drugs.

E hepatitis. Overcome HIV infection in foods and baby-like hepatitis A in Asia and South America. And include most of the recorded cases of the disease in the United States traveling to parts of the world where the virus resides. 

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Acute hemorrhagic gastritis

As it happens in cases of shock (shock) or cases of heart failure or kidney, lung or liver, or when severe microbial infection, or acute bleeding and disease low blood clotting factors.

It also affects people who are suffering from head injuries and severe burns. Ie, in general, the disease occurs most often when the patient suffers from any acute illness.

Usually because of the poor condition of the patient, it does not feel the symptoms of gastritis, which begins light Kbeef in indigestion or heartburn in the stomach.

The first signs appear sick through nasal gastric suction, which is out of blood during the suction process.

Diagnosed conduct telescope of the stomach, which confirms the presence of inflammation or erosion of the wall of the stomach, which may reach the deeper layers of tissue, causing ulcers or stomach bleeding, which is the hallmark and the most common cause of this disease.

In cases of head injuries, increases the amount of acid produced by the stomach , to cause inflammation and erosion and ulcers in the duodenal wall.

If you have been diagnosed with the disease in the first days of injury and has to control symptoms of early treatment, is cured in most cases.

In the latest cases, the death rate rises due to severe bleeding to 60%.

The treatment includes acid secretion inhibitors and histamine receptor antagonists and drugs to help constrict blood vessels, and in some cases that do not respond to treatment may return bleeding again.

Suspicion of the disease
Suspicion of the disease (hypochondriasis), is a mental illness which is characterized by excessive interest of the individual and excessive physical health, where the patient interprets any mild or slight changes occur to the body as evidence of a serious illness.

This is known as the disease Obsessive patients. The focus of the patient in two ways First, physiologically the body's natural, which monitors the patient's every movement he does body Kalshhik and exhale every pulse or sense occurs to the body and explain the disease and resort to doctors, to medical examinations many to reach a satisfactory explanation for the acceleration pulses or different process exhale or inspiratory and others.

As for the second point of view, are the patient's focus on symptoms, where the patient seeks behind everything published about disease follow-up and careful listening to conversations and medical releases.

The problem is fundamental in these patients not convinced the opinion of a doctor and confirmed that there was no disease sufferers, to another doctor and another, and continue to overstate the concern for the health and interpretation is reasonable per-view although there is no medical evidence of the disease.

Since with satisfactory Baltohm do not admit that their illness has no organic basis, it is not easy to convince them to go for psychological treatment.

Mother of psychological therapies for this disease is known as conversion, where the doctor is seeking to take the patient out of the illusion controlled and centered around himself and his body control, attention to work and other activities such as sports and entertainment that distract the patient from focusing on his body.

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Radio waves .. Effective in eradicating early esophageal cancer

Esophagus «Barrett» Barrett's esophagus is a condition where damage occurs in the lining of the bottom of the esophagus, may lead to changes lead to cancer.

Among the 10 million Americans suffer from gastric juice reflux GERD, there is a million infected B 'Barrett's esophagus'.

Among those living with 'Barrett's esophagus' There is only a small percentage appears to have cancer of the lining of the esophagus esophageal adenocarcinoma, which is a deadly type of cancer.

Monitors doctors 'Barrett's esophagus' detects changes that occur before the emergence of cancerous tumors, by Nador (which is which to examine the esophagus tube, a light source, is inserted through the throat), and also draw a biopsy of the esophagus.

When cells are found suspicious, the usual treatment is surgery to remove the damaged part of the esophagus.

Treatment of radio waves,

but the process intrusive surgery and its risks, and therefore has developed many non-intrusive ways. According to a study published on May 28, 2009 in the magazine «New England Journal of Medicine», one of the treatments labeled «removal microwave radio» (radiofrequency ablation RFA) able to eliminate «esophagus Barrett», thus reducing the risk of cancer, and accompany only experience side effects simple .

This method works to destroy abnormal cells radio waves card.

In experiments conducted in a number of centers under the supervision of researchers from the Faculty of Medicine at the University of North Carolina, 127 people were exposed patients 'Barrett's esophagus' in a random manner, either to the radio waves or to «the waves and fake.

And implement a method of treatment of radio waves after making a mild anesthetic to the patient in the clinic.

This method was developed company «Parks Medical Corp., which itself has funded the study.

In this way, enter into the esophagus contain files catheter is inflated electromagnetic near the areas where they found the abnormal cells.

The energy flowing through radio waves to burn those files completely cells, without prejudice to the healthy tissue cells. In the case of 'phantom waves' did not send any radio waves after the introduction of the catheter into the esopThe participants were followed up after treatment for one year, during which he took them to be studied biopsies. And appeared to be «esophagus Barrett» has been removed completely after using the method of removal microwave radio with 97.5 per cent of those who were infected cases of mild disease which have changes light in the cells of the esophagus, compared with 22.7 per cent of those who were subjected to «waves fake».

The participants with severe deformities Mobiles which changes at most lead to the occurrence of cancer, 'Barrett's esophagus' still completely in 81 per cent of people exposed to radio waves, compared to 19 per cent for those who have been subjected to «fake waves.

The side effects of the removal method of radio-wave light, including chest pain were treated with drugs. The back has a narrow five of the participants in the esophagus, and were treated successfully after using the drugs to expand esophagus Bnazawr.

As noted by the supervisors of the study, they were small and the follow-up period was short (one year).

It also did not compare between the method of removal of magnetic waves and other non-surgical methods, such as photosynthesis dynamic therapy (treatment of tissue with light-sensitive drugs and then exposing it to him), and treatment freeze cryotherapy, and other ways in which employs a laser.

Other studies have assumed that these methods may be less effective, and in some cases they cause strong side effects.

However, subsequent studies seems important to determine whether the removal method was able to radio waves become the new standard method for the treatment of 'Barrett's esophagus'.

The people living with 'Barrett's esophagus' are threatened more by 30 to 40 times the risk of cancer of the lining of the esophagus.

This is, however, important to remember that cancer does not appear in 98 per cent of them.

'Barrett's esophagus' .. Changes in the cells lining

the disease «Barrett's esophagus, the type of cells similar to intestinal cells in a phenomenon called 'intestinal dysplasia» intestinal metaplasia (transformation type of fabric to another fabric editor) replacing the normal cells that line the lower part of the esophagus .

The problem occurs usually in the area of ​​the confluence of the stomach , then stretch the area to the top distance may sometimes up to 3 inches (7.5 cm approx).

And be detected case Bnazawr after inserted through the mouth. And red seem affected tissue, similar to the color of the lining of the stomach, while the color of the normal lining of the esophagus and either pink or white lackluster.

Since it may be natural to stomach tissue growth at the bottom of the esophagus and the color red, the tissue biopsy is also necessary to confirm the diagnosis.

In the process of elimination of radio waves affected tissue is destroyed because of the disease «Barrett's esophagus is a result of short bursts of energy intensive radio waves through the device files electromagnetic envelope that has been inserted into the esophagus.

Do not hurt the removal process radio waves normal tissue layers.

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